What a "Variance" Is and Why You'd Need One

A variance is a formal exception granted to a specific property or project when strictly following a bylaw or code requirement would be impractical, and the deviation doesn't undermine the intent of the rule it's departing from. It's most commonly associated with zoning — a setback that's slightly short because of an oddly shaped lot, for example — but the underlying concept, an approved deviation from a specific requirement, shows up in building code contexts too, often called an "alternative solution."

Getting one isn't automatic. It usually requires an application, a stated justification, and sometimes a public notice or hearing period depending on the jurisdiction and how significant the deviation is. It's also property- and project-specific — a variance granted to a neighbour doesn't set a precedent you can simply claim for your own build.